Taal Lake, a caldera, has an ecology that is closely linked to its cradling Taal volcano, one of the 16 volcanoes of the world that erupts every 10 years. We've been studying this lake since 1989. I propose a paradigm to explain the interrelationships leading to the fish kill that began on May 20, 2011. This is based on my integration of my experiences and observations and those of my research team and students over the past 22 years.

Zafaralla, M. T. (2011, July 24). Fish kill rooted in volcanism. Manila Bulletin, p. 11.