Filipino fisherfolk remain vulnerable to harassment and economic hardship, nine years after the 2016 arbitral ruling that invalidated China’s claims to the West Philippine Sea (WPS). But a rising wave of civilian initiatives is filling the gaps left by limited government capacity in asserting the country’s sovereign rights in the WPS.

Dumalag, G. (2025, July 13). Civilian groups fill gaps in WPS response. Philippine Daily Inquirer, pp. A2, A3.