On Aug. 3 and 4, 2025, Indian and Philippine naval ships sailed together in the South China Sea for the first time. This joint exercise—inside the Philippines’ exclusive economic zone—was more than a tactical drill. It was a statement: that regional powers can cooperate to uphold a rules-based order even in contested waters. Yet the significance of this event lies not only in Manila and New Delhi’s growing partnership, but in the larger strategic context that shapes India’s choices: the enduring complexity of India’s relationship with China. India-China relations in 2025 are defined by a paradox. They are deeply intertwined economically, yet strategically competitive in ways that shape the security architecture of Asia. Trade between the two nations exceeds $100 billion, but this interdependence masks persistent asymmetries and mistrust. India runs a significant trade deficit, importing Chinese components and intermediate goods while exporting raw materials and select services.

Dash, S. (2025, September 19). India-China dynamics and PH strategic choices. Philippine Daily Inquirer, p. A11.