Senior Associate Justice Antonio Carpio, responding to a challenge by President Rodrigo Duterte, has itemized several options the Chief Executive may take to enforce the ruling of the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague that favors the Philippines over China in connection with claims over reefs and shoals in the South China Sea. Earlier, Duterte issued the challenge thus, "Xi Jinping (said) there will be trouble. So answer me, Justice, give me the formula and I'll do it."

Non-war options. (2019, July 17). Malaya Business Insight, p. B4.